Train Law Blog : Railroad Injury Lawyer & Attorney : Cahill Goetsch & Perry Law Firm : Railway Worker Injuries & Accidents

There has been a flurry of Federal Rail Safety Act decisions in the past few weeks, all positive for workers, and all demonstrating a trend toward higher punitive damage awards.

Pfeifer v. Union Pacific Railroad concerns retaliation against a conductor who reported safety hazards. After he reported rough spots on the railroad track, he was subjected to increased field testing and ultimately suspended without pay. OSHA found that such conduct has a real chilling effect on the willingness of workers to report safety issues, and ordered Union Pacific to pay $100,000 in punitive damages for its "outrageous behavior and callous disregard for the rights of its employees."

Newman v. Union Pacific Railroad also concerns retaliation against a conductor who reported safety concerns. He was pulled out of service and permanently dismissed from service in retaliation for taking safety seriously enough to report safety hazards he noted in the right-of-way. OSHA ordered Union Pacific to pay over $250,000 in make whole damages, including $150,000 in punitive damages.

Wallis v. Burlington Northern Sante Fe Railway concerns a hostler who reported an injury and was subjected to the Railroad's infamous Personal Performance Index Point Distribution (PPI) policy, which assigns disciplinary points to injuries that are FRA reportable. The hostler was suspended without pay for 30 days, and OSHA found that Union Pacific's enforcement of its PPI policy for reporting a work-related injury violates the FRSA. OSHA ordered the Railroad to pay $150,000 in punitive damages, which reflects the FRSA's antipathy to system-wide policies of retaliation, and $125,000 for "mental pain and suffering," which reflects the solid medical evidence documenting the hostler's emotional distress.

Harvey v. Union Pacific Railroad concerns a locomotive engineer who reported an injury two months after it occurred. Despite the fact he was "a dedicated employee who had no history of prior poor performance or misconduct," Union Pacific terminated him for "failing to report an injury in a timely manner." However, OSHA found the engineer "was reasonable in delaying reporting his injury because he initially did not believe he had been so severely injured as to warrant putting himself at risk of retaliation for reporting the injury." The Railroad was ordered to pay $150,000 in punitive damages "for its egregious and willful behavior and for its disregard for the rights of its employees under FRSA." OSHA also ordered the Railroad to pay $75,000 for the "undue pain and suffering" it caused.

For OSHA's press release about the three Union Pacific cases, click here.  Over the past two years FRSA punitive damage awards have progressed from $75,000 to $100,000 to $125,000 and now to $150,000. But the railroads could care less. They have continued doing business as usual, or rather violations as usual, and their management culture of retaliation remains intact. If OSHA wants the railroads to take the FRSA seriously, it will have to increase punitive damage awards to the maximum allowed by law, and impose system-wide injunctions against every railroad's retaliatory policies and patterns of conduct.

But the message from these recent cases is clear: the path to six figure punitive and emotional distress damages is starting to get very well-trod, and promises to expand into a highway routinely traveled by thousands of workers if railroads continue to ignore the FRSA's mandate to treat the reporting of injuries and safety concerns as discipline-free events.

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While we await the Administrative Review Board's official burial notice for the railroads' bogus "election of remedies" argument, here is another nail in the coffin of that dead Federal Rail Safety Act defense: Thompson v. Norfolk Southern Railway Corp., where yet another Administrative Law Judge explains why "the FRSA does not prevent an individual who has appealed discipline pursuant to a collective bargaining agreement from pursuing a complaint under the FRSA." If anybody at the ARB is listening, hasn't this wake gone on long enough? Time to lay this issue to rest once and for all.

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As Yogi Berra would say, "It's starting to get late early out there" for the Norfolk Southern Railway. OSHA has blown the whistle on NS's campaign of retaliation against injured workers, and the Federal Rail Safety Act awards and punitive damages just keep piling up.

In the latest, Nelson v. Norfolk Southern Railway, OSHA's investigation confirmed that employees "are reluctant to report an injury and/or illness, fearing that they will be targeted and eventually terminated from employment." Which explains how NS has kept its injury rates low enough to receive "the prestigious E.H. Harriman Rail Safety Gold Medal Award for 22 consecutive years." Only in the railroad industry could managers receive a safety medal for suppressing the reporting of injuries.

OSHA notes the "chilling effect" of NS's "reckless disregard for the law" and points to how NS "has been cited previously by the Federal Railroad Administration for harassing and intimidating employees from reporting injuries" in violation of FRA regulations. OSHA concludes that NS's "disregard for Complainant's rights under FRSA warrants punitive damages" in the amount of $75,000, plus another $20,000 for emotional distress and $26,000 in attorney fees.

When it comes to railroads like the NS, all that glitters is not gold.

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Once again, OSHA has slammed Metro North Railroad with punitive damages for disregarding the Federal Rail Safety Act rights of its employees. This time it is for using prior injuries to deny promotions, and the resulting punitive damage award is $125,000.

Like many railroads, Metro North has a policy and practice of considering an employee's history of reporting injuries when evaluating that employee for a promotion. Here, ironworker Bill Ordner passed all the hurdles for a locomotive engineer job, but then, after the final background check phase, was handed a letter denying him the promotion with no explanation. He had reported injuries within the prior three years, and when Metro North refused to provide OSHA's Whistleblower Office with the information on which the denial was based, OSHA drew a negative inference against Metro North and concluded that Ordner's reporting of injuries was a contributing factor in Metro North's denial of the promotion.

Here are OSHA's words of warning to railroads nationwide:

Metro North automatically assigns points to an employee's personnel record, thereby subjecting the employee to other adverse consequences such as disqualification for promotion or craft transfer, solely for lawfully reporting a work-related injury. Metro North's enforcement of this policy, to the extent that it punishes employees for reporting work-related injuries, on its face violates FRSA. Such practices produce a chilling effect on reporting injuries in the workplace, jeopardizing employee safety. Furthermore, Metro North's refusal to provide OSHA with certain documents requested during this investigation is consistent with its conduct in past investigations. Metro North's pattern of refusal to provide OSHA with requested information during FRSA investigations demonstrates willful disregard for the law and the rights of its employees.

OSHA's make whole remedies include: ordering the Railroad to promote Ordner to the position of locomotive engineer with a seniority date of November 24, 2008 and full back pay; $125,000 in punitive damages; another $15,000 in emotional distress and attorney's fees; and the posting of the FRSA Notice to Employees in all 120 stations on the Railroad.

When will railroads learn that the FRSA has made the reporting of injuries a neutral, penalty-free event? For the full text of the Merit Finding, click here.

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The good people who investigate Federal Rail Safety Act complaints are part of OSHA's Whistleblower Protection Program (OWPP). For those of you interested in the internal workings of OWPP, click here for the official Report on OSHA's plans for improving its performance, including the hiring of more investigators and increasing training. For the official web site of the OWPP with descriptions of the 21 federal whistleblower laws it enforces, click here.

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Another railroad has been hit with Federal Rail Safety Act punitive damages for disciplining injured employees based on vague safety rules. This time it's the Burlington Northern Railroad, who charged a conductor with being "careless of the safety of yourself and others" after he reported an injury. At the disciplinary trial, the charging officer "testified that all injuries are preventable and because the conductor reported a work-injury, he must have violated that rule." Based on such Alice In Wonderland logic, the Railroad imposed a 30 day record suspension with a one year probation. But OSHA Whistleblower's Office was not impressed with such circular logic, and imposed an award of $75,000 in punitive damages and $25,000 for emotional distress. For the full text of the FRSA Award, click here.

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